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Reference document

One-Person Verb Endings

Rule #22

List of possible one-person verb endings.

  • +tu- becomes -ju- after a vowel.
  • +pu- becomes +vu- after a vowel.
  • +pu- is replaced by +la- after the negative postbase /ngngit-.
  • +pV- becomes +vV- after a vowel.
  • The interrogative mood endings cannot be used after /ngngit-.
  • Negative questions are in the indicative: /ngngil-langa/ngngil-latit, etc.
  • The imperative mood endings cannot be immediately preceded by /ngngit-.
  • The polite postbase /lauq- must be inserted after /ngngit-/ngngi-lau-rit, etc.
  • Subordinate moods have a reflexive third person and a non-reflexive third person.
  • Reflexive third person means third person coreferential with the third person subject of the head clause. (Non-reflexive) third person is used when the third person subject of the subordinate verb is not coreferential with the subject of the head clause.

Example

  • Tikigami aliasuttuq. ≠ Tikimmat aliasuttuq.
  • /ga- can be replaced by /kka- on a base or a postbase ending with or k.
  • /ga- becomes +na- after /ngngit-/ngngin-nama/ngngin-navit, etc.
  • +mmatik can be replaced by +mmanik.
  • /gu- can be replaced by /kku- on a base or a postbase ending with or k.
  • /gu- becomes /kku- after /ngngit-/ngngi-kkuma/ngngi-kkuvit, etc.
  • +ppatik can be replaced by +ppanik.

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